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Comprehensive Guide to HTML Elements

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the backbone of web development, providing the structure and layout of web pages. Below is a detailed explanation of all major HTML elements, categorized for better understanding.


1. HTML Document Structure

These elements define the essential structure of an HTML document.

<!DOCTYPE html>

  • Declares the document type and version of HTML (HTML5 in this case).
  • Ensures proper rendering in browsers.

<html>

  • The root element of an HTML document.
  • Contains all other elements.
  • Example:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    </html>
    

<head>

  • Contains metadata about the document, including title, character set, and linked resources.
  • Does not display content directly.

<meta>

  • Defines metadata such as character encoding, viewport settings, and description.
  • Example:
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="A guide to HTML elements">
    

<title>

  • Sets the webpage’s title displayed in the browser tab.
  • Example:
    <title>My First Webpage</title>
    

<link>

  • Links external resources like stylesheets.
  • Example:
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    

<script>

  • Embeds JavaScript code.
  • Example:
    <script src="script.js"></script>
    

2. Text and Content Formatting Elements

<body>

  • Contains all visible content of a webpage.
  • Example:
    <body>
        <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
    </body>
    

<h1> to <h6> (Headings)

  • Define headings from most important (h1) to least (h6).
  • Example:
    <h1>Main Heading</h1>
    <h2>Subheading</h2>
    

<p> (Paragraph)

  • Defines a block of text.
  • Example:
    <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
    

<br> (Line Break)

  • Inserts a line break.
  • Example:
    Line one.<br>Line two.
    

<hr> (Horizontal Rule)

  • Creates a horizontal line separator.
  • Example:
    <hr>
    

<strong> & <b>

  • <strong>: Defines important text (bold, with semantic meaning).
  • <b>: Bold text without semantic importance.
  • Example:
    <strong>Important text</strong> and <b>just bold text</b>.
    

<em> & <i>

  • <em>: Emphasized text (italic with semantic meaning).
  • <i>: Italicized text without semantic meaning.
  • Example:
    <em>Emphasized text</em> and <i>just italic text</i>.
    

<mark>

  • Highlights text with a background color.
  • Example:
    <p>This is <mark>highlighted</mark> text.</p>
    

<small>

  • Displays smaller-sized text.
  • Example:
    <small>Copyright © 2025</small>
    

<blockquote>

  • Defines a block of quoted text.
  • Example:
    <blockquote>“This is a famous quote.”</blockquote>
    

<cite>

  • Used to cite the title of a work.
  • Example:
    <cite>The Great Gatsby</cite>
    

<code>

  • Displays computer code in a monospaced font.
  • Example:
    <code>print("Hello, World!")</code>
    

3. Lists and Tables

Ordered List (<ol>)

  • A numbered list.
  • Example:
    <ol>
        <li>First item</li>
        <li>Second item</li>
    </ol>
    

Unordered List (<ul>)

  • A bulleted list.
  • Example:
    <ul>
        <li>Item A</li>
        <li>Item B</li>
    </ul>
    

Table (<table>)

  • Defines a table.
  • Example:
    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>Name</th>
            <th>Age</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Alice</td>
            <td>25</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    

4. Forms and Input Elements

<form>

  • Wraps input fields and buttons.
  • Example:
    <form action="/submit" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="username">
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>
    

<input>

  • Accepts user input.
  • Types: text, password, email, checkbox, radio, submit.
  • Example:
    <input type="email" placeholder="Enter your email">
    

<textarea>

  • Multi-line text input.
  • Example:
    <textarea rows="4" cols="50"></textarea>
    

<button>

  • Clickable button.
  • Example:
    <button>Click Me</button>
    

5. Media Elements

<img>

  • Displays an image.
  • Example:
    <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">
    

<audio>

  • Embeds an audio file.
  • Example:
    <audio controls>
        <source src="sound.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
    </audio>
    

<video>

  • Embeds a video file.
  • Example:
    <video controls>
        <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
    </video>
    

6. Links and Navigation

<a> (Anchor)

  • Creates a hyperlink.
  • Example:
    <a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>
    

<nav>

  • Represents a navigation section.
  • Example:
    <nav>
        <a href="#home">Home</a>
        <a href="#about">About</a>
    </nav>
    

7. Semantic Elements

<header>

  • Defines the introductory section.

<section>

  • Groups related content.

<article>

  • Represents self-contained content.

<aside>

  • Sidebar content.

<footer>

  • Defines footer content.

This guide covers the most commonly used HTML elements, ensuring a solid foundation for web development. 

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