Comprehensive Guide to HTML Elements

Posté 2025-02-19 12:42:56

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HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the backbone of web development, providing the structure and layout of web pages. Below is a detailed explanation of all major HTML elements, categorized for better understanding.

1. HTML Document Structure

These elements define the essential structure of an HTML document.

`<!DOCTYPE html>`

Declares the document type and version of HTML (HTML5 in this case).
Ensures proper rendering in browsers.

`<html>`

The root element of an HTML document.
Contains all other elements.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
</html>

`<head>`

Contains metadata about the document, including title, character set, and linked resources.
Does not display content directly.

`<meta>`

Defines metadata such as character encoding, viewport settings, and description.

Example:

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="A guide to HTML elements">

`<title>`

Sets the webpage’s title displayed in the browser tab.
Example:
```
<title>My First Webpage</title>
```

`<link>`

Links external resources like stylesheets.

Example:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

`<script>`

Embeds JavaScript code.
Example:
```
<script src="script.js"></script>
```

2. Text and Content Formatting Elements

`<body>`

Contains all visible content of a webpage.

Example:

<body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
</body>

`<h1>` to `<h6>` (Headings)

Define headings from most important (h1) to least (h6).

Example:

<h1>Main Heading</h1>
<h2>Subheading</h2>

`<p>` (Paragraph)

Defines a block of text.
Example:
```
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
```

`<br>` (Line Break)

Inserts a line break.
Example:
```
Line one.<br>Line two.
```

`<hr>` (Horizontal Rule)

Creates a horizontal line separator.
Example:
```
<hr>
```

`<strong>` & `<b>`

<strong>: Defines important text (bold, with semantic meaning).
<b>: Bold text without semantic importance.

Example:

<strong>Important text</strong> and <b>just bold text</b>.

`<em>` & `<i>`

<em>: Emphasized text (italic with semantic meaning).
<i>: Italicized text without semantic meaning.

Example:

<em>Emphasized text</em> and <i>just italic text</i>.

`<mark>`

Highlights text with a background color.

Example:

<p>This is <mark>highlighted</mark> text.</p>

`<small>`

Displays smaller-sized text.
Example:
```
<small>Copyright © 2025</small>
```

`<blockquote>`

Defines a block of quoted text.

Example:

<blockquote>“This is a famous quote.”</blockquote>

`<cite>`

Used to cite the title of a work.
Example:
```
<cite>The Great Gatsby</cite>
```

`<code>`

Displays computer code in a monospaced font.
Example:
```
<code>print("Hello, World!")</code>
```

3. Lists and Tables

Ordered List (`<ol>`)

A numbered list.

Example:

<ol>
    <li>First item</li>
    <li>Second item</li>
</ol>

Unordered List (`<ul>`)

A bulleted list.

Example:

<ul>
    <li>Item A</li>
    <li>Item B</li>
</ul>

Table (`<table>`)

Defines a table.

Example:

<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Alice</td>
        <td>25</td>
    </tr>
</table>

4. Forms and Input Elements

`<form>`

Wraps input fields and buttons.

Example:

<form action="/submit" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

`<input>`

Accepts user input.
Types: text, password, email, checkbox, radio, submit.

Example:

<input type="email" placeholder="Enter your email">

`<textarea>`

Multi-line text input.

Example:

<textarea rows="4" cols="50"></textarea>

`<button>`

Clickable button.
Example:
```
<button>Click Me</button>
```

5. Media Elements

`<img>`

Displays an image.

Example:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">

`<audio>`

Embeds an audio file.

Example:

<audio controls>
    <source src="sound.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
</audio>

`<video>`

Embeds a video file.

Example:

<video controls>
    <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>

6. Links and Navigation

`<a>` (Anchor)

Creates a hyperlink.

Example:

<a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>

`<nav>`

Represents a navigation section.

Example:

<nav>
    <a href="#home">Home</a>
    <a href="#about">About</a>
</nav>

7. Semantic Elements

`<header>`

Defines the introductory section.

`<section>`

Groups related content.

`<article>`

Represents self-contained content.

`<aside>`

Sidebar content.

`<footer>`

Defines footer content.

This guide covers the most commonly used HTML elements, ensuring a solid foundation for web development.

HTML

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