Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

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Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

2025-01-25 16:21:58 • Views

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a fundamental technology used for styling and designing the appearance of web pages. It works in conjunction with HTML, which defines the structure of a webpage, to enhance its visual presentation. Here's a breakdown of CSS and its key concepts:

What is CSS?

CSS is a stylesheet language used to describe the look and layout of HTML elements on a webpage. It enables developers to control various visual aspects, such as colors, fonts, spacing, positioning, and animations.

Why Use CSS?

Separation of Content and Design: Keeps HTML structure clean by separating design-related rules.
Reusability: Styles can be reused across multiple pages.
Consistency: Ensures a uniform design across a website.
Customization: Allows for the creation of visually appealing and responsive web pages.

Basic Syntax

CSS rules consist of selectors and declarations:

selector {
  property: value;
}

Selector: Specifies which HTML element(s) the rule applies to.
Property: The visual characteristic (e.g., color, font-size).
Value: The specific style applied to the property.

Example:

p {
  color: blue;
  font-size: 16px;
}

Ways to Apply CSS

Inline CSS: Applied directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.
```
<p style="color: red;">This is a paragraph.</p>
```
Internal CSS: Written within a <style> tag in the <head> section of an HTML document.
```
<style>
  h1 {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
  }
</style>
```
External CSS: Stored in a separate file (e.g., styles.css) and linked to an HTML document.
```
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
```

Types of Selectors

Universal Selector (*): Targets all elements.
```
* {
  margin: 0;
}
```
Type Selector: Targets elements by their HTML tag.
```
h1 {
  color: green;
}
```
Class Selector (.): Targets elements with a specific class.
```
.highlight {
  background-color: yellow;
}
```
ID Selector (#): Targets an element with a specific ID.
```
#main {
  text-align: center;
}
```
Group Selector: Targets multiple elements.
```
h1, h2, h3 {
  font-weight: bold;
}
```

Box Model

CSS uses the box model to define the layout and spacing of elements. It consists of:

Content: The actual content of the element.
Padding: Space between the content and the border.
Border: A boundary around the padding (if specified).
Margin: Space outside the border, separating elements.

Example:

div {
  width: 200px;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 2px solid black;
  margin: 10px;
}

Responsive Design

CSS includes features like media queries to make websites adaptable to different screen sizes and devices.

Example:

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  body {
    background-color: lightgrey;
  }
}

CSS is a powerful tool that enables developers to create visually appealing, consistent, and responsive designs. Mastering CSS is essential for building modern, user-friendly websites.

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